1. LEATHER
No other natural material on earth can substitute the abrasion and tear resistance properties of leather.
One of the most versatile, elegantand probably the longest-wearing naturalmaterial, made by tanning animals’ rawhides and skins, Leatherhas an elegant look, feels sensuous and brings prestige with its special feel and aroma. Itis also Supple, renewable, eco-friendly, durable, water repellant, soft in touch and abrasion resistive,Leather is also resistant to flexing, wet and dry abrasion, fire, fungi and chemical attackswhich makes it a distinctive and unique degree of quality material.
Leather is a product made from the skin of animals with a large number of complex treatments, become usable and rot-proof.Hide or skin with its original fibrous structure more or less intact, the hair or wool may, or may not, have been removed. It is also made from a hide or skin that has been split into layers or segmented either before or after tanning.From a microscopic point of view, the skin can be seen as a tight interweaving of numerous collagen fibers, representing the external envelope of living beings.
There are extensive factors influencing the quality of leather: the animal's diet and nutrition; the age and sex of the animal; the climate; the presence of viruses, fungal diseases, and parasites; the care taken during slaughter; the flaying; the tanning chemicals used; the dyes and stains used; and the shipping and handling methods are just some of those factors.
GRAIN LEATHER
Finest flawless hides with no scratches, marks or other imperfections, neither sanded nor buffed, composed of finely packed and tight dense fibers, characterized by smooth surface, grain leather is the strongest and most durable outermost layer and the highest quality of leather. It has excellent fiber structure which gives it high tensile strength, strongest durability, flexible, resistance to tear and a softer feel, giving it a unique and appealing texture and feel. Being the strongest and outermost layer full grain leather lasts much longer.As grain leather ages, rather than wearing out, it burnishes and beautifies, developing a patina and unique character that cannot be easily duplicated.It is usually impossible to tear a grain leather by hand.
It’s the entire hide of the animal once the hair is removed and the material is tanned. Keeping the grain in its entirety, rather than being sanded away to look more ‘uniform’, full grain leather is durable and lasts much longer.Full-grain leather is considered to be of higher quality, because the surface is more natural and the thickness of the colors layer is usually less.
On the smooth, unaltered surface, you can even see the pores and small hair follicles which indicates that the leather is of a high quality. Other characteristics to take note of are fat wrinkles or growth lines, natural variations in the grain texture, shading and small scar.
SPLIT LEATHER
Split leather is leather created from the fibrous part of the hide left, once the top-grain of the rawhide has been separated from the hide.In thicker hides, usually 5-10 mm,mostly of cowhide or buffalo hidethe drop split can be further split into a middle split and a flesh split and is made by process of grinding and splitting the hide. It iscoarsely packed dense fibers with a nappy appearance.Unlike grain leather, splits have a nice velour-like, smooth structure. Split-leather has high abrasion resistance, more water resistant than grain leather, naturally puncture resistant, flexible and heat resistive. No synthetic product offers anything close to its level of abrasion resistance. In many cases, split leather enables leather manufacturers to provide more cost-effective products with affordable prices to customers.The quality of a split leather is lower than the top grain leather and is also less durable in long terms.It is slightly less flexible then the top layers of the hide, but much more affordable.
COW LEATHER
One of the thickest types, most common and abundant leather source,Cow leather accounts for its strength and durability among the most versatile materials. Cow leather isstable, firm, thicker, stronger, excellent for its appearance, texture, durability, and comfort. and less prone to cracking than other leather. It does not have the flexibility or stretch as much as goatskin does. For insulation properties, you’d get more warmth from cowhide than you would from goatskin leather.The tough, interlocking structure of cow hide helps maintain its look and covers a wide spectrum of textures and quality, but generally, it is easy to care for and resistant to water and dirt.The typical density of a cow leather skin is between 0.4 and 0.9 g/cm3 and the tensile strength of cow leather is between 8 - 25 N/mm². Cow leather is the most widely used leather and accounts for about 65 to 70% of world production.
Cowhide is, in fact, cheaper than other leathers made out of different animal skin. Cowhide is the most popular for a reason, it is the most impervious and durable leather available on the market.
BUFFALO LEATHER
With an epidermal protective layer up to three times thicker than cow hide and as much as an inch of widely-spaced sub-dermal collagen fibers, buffalo leather provides unsurpassed strength and flexibility.Buffaloleather differs from cowhide in thickness and flexibility, 40% stronger than traditional cowhide and is unparalleled in its softness, strength, and durability which translates into exceptionally comfortable.Buffalo leather has thicker single fibers, but is not so closely interwoven. It is nevertheless a stable and sturdy leather.Buffalo leatherhas a beautiful appearance and durable enough to easily survive the test of timeas the fibers are thicker and more widely-spacedgiving it a unique and appealing texture and feel. A carefully chosen oil Content gives this hide the perfect firmness for bags and offers a slight pull-up effect that looks even better.It is flame resistant and will not readily burn or melt.Buffalo Leather is 2-3 times thicker than cowhide, making it one of the strongest leathers you can buy.
GOAT LEATHER
Goat leather also called “Morocco leather” has a compact grain with its finer fiber, tight grainand firm structural surface. This structure of the leather gives the hide a distinctive tight grainy texture with ridges, resembling to pebbles. Goatskin is a type of leather known to be one of the most resilient leathers, based on softness, strength and lightweight qualities.Itis strong, durable, excellent tear resistance, comfortable, naturally breathable, water resistantand quite economical leather.The high lanolin content of goatskin makes it a very supple leather. Goatskin is slightly softer and tougher than cow leather. Goat leather is therefore more valuable than sheep leather. Goat leather is ranked third in the world after cow leather and sheep leather with approximately 8 to 10% of world production.
SHEEP SKIN LEATHER
Sheepskin leather, also known as lambskin or shearling, is a kind of leather derived from the hide of sheep.Sheepskin is characterized by its fleece on one side and leather on the flipside. Sheepskin leather, being soft and smooth to the touch, offers a luxurious light-weight and suppleness that contribute to wearable comfort.Another property of this type of animal skin is that it contains a natural temperature regulator and some form of moisture control. Sheepskin, to an above-average degree, is resistant to dirt, bugs, and mold. Lastly, another notable characteristic of sheepskin is that it naturally contains lanolin, a basic substance that is also present in human skin. This helps heal sensitive or inflamed skin. Furthermore, this lanolin in natural sheepskin gives it a self-cleaning or anti-bacterial quality, even when it is just hung out to dry in fresh air.Sheep leather has a thickness of 1 - 3 mm and a size of 0.3 - 1.0 sqm.It makes up about 12% of the total leather production around the world.
DEER SKIN LEATHER
Deer skin has natural characteristics of softness that cannot be found elsewhere. The hide generally has about a half-inch of fur on one side, and the underside of the skin feels similar to a soft suede. Deer skin has elongated interwoven fibers that make it strong and resistant to tears or abrasion. The spaces between its fibers make it soft and comfortable when used over a wide range of temperatures. Besides being so soft, it is breathable and flexible and, moreover, extremely resistant to mechanical type forces.Deerskin is also ultra-soft, supple, and comfortable with a spongy feel. It is lightweight, yet highly durable. Deerskin is one of the only leathers that can get wet and still dry soft. Despite the rather difficult and time-consuming process of producing the material, a finished deer hide is one of the softest, warmest and most durable leathers.
SUEDE LEATHER
Split leather made with a surface nap of small, raised fibers that are soft to touch,it is usually the middle layers of the hide, and often dyed various colors.It’s the soft and fuzzy underside of hide. These fibers are sanded to form a “fuzzy”, velvety surface on the leather. The suede material is made by turning leather upside down so this fuzzy side is face up. Most commonly, it comes from sheep, but also from deer, goats and calves. The thin innermost layer is cut off to create a thin, soft material. Technically, this layer doesn’t have to be cut off; however, that would leave a thick, less pliable leather which usually isn’t preferred for suede products.
- SYNTHETIC LEATHER
Faux leather, also known as synthetic leather, is a petroleum-based alternative to genuine leather having many of the same desirable attributes of genuine leather. The synthetic material consists of natural and/or synthetic fibers, coated with a plastic polymer or similar. Like real leather, Synthetic leather is soft to the touch,withstand the constant contact with sunlightand it is water-resistant. Therefore, this fabric is highly resistant to stains, and it is easy to clean. It is resistant to both abrasions and cuts but less durable than real leather.
AMARA SYNTHETIC LEATHER
Suede microfiber synthetic leather also called Amara synthetic leather is a faux leather made up of polyamide (Nylon) and polyurethane (PU) material. It has the similar structure, look and feelof natural leather, excellent physical and chemical performance, superior durability, good weather resistance, excellent abrasion resistance and is the best substitute of natural leather for gloves. It is widely used as palms and patches for sports gloves, high strength and superior durability, is the best quality synthetic suede material for sports gloves, cycling gloves, biker gloves, safety shoes, mechanics gloves.
PU LEATHER
PU leather, also called polyurethane leather, is an artificial leather made of thermoplastic polymers. It was created to look and feel like leather but without having to use real animal skin. There are a number of ways to make PU leather but the most common one is to use split leather and combine it with polyurethane then paste it on to a surface of the leather. Usually, these leathers have a glossy surface and an antique look. The advantage of PU leather is the inexpensive price range. Split leather is inexpensive, but it is not particularly durable and therefore often suffers damage after only a few years. Additionally, there is a lack of breathability due to the strong coating, the leather feels colder than uncoated or thin coated leathers and sticks to the skin easily.Polyurethane is a widely used in the construction and engineering industry. It is an ultra-durable, flexible and long-lasting polymer. They are used for coating roofs, industrial floors and the inside of tunnels.100% PU leather is completely artificial and is considered vegan.
FAUX MICRO SUEDE
It is an animal-friendly material made from polyester microfiber that's woven into a thin, soft, but very tough plastic fabric. Micro suede fabric is a faux leather with a suede-like texture made of millions of micro-denier’s pure polyester fibers. It feels soft under-hand like a natural suede leather, but has none of leather's flaws. It is Shrink-resistant, Pet-friendly, Breathable and affordable and stain proof. Micro suede is one of the most popular forms of faux suede, as it is soft, water-resistant, light weight, stain-proof, and easy to care for. The plastic materials are more durable than natural suede, which is made from the delicate underside of an animal's skin and often can tear. Micro suede is popular for home decor, like furniture upholstery fabric, particularly in homes with children and pets, as the faux suede fabric is durable and can be cleaned more easily than suede.
3. TEXTILE FABRICS
COTTON
Cotton fabric is the most commonly used types of fabrics in the world. Cotton is primarily composed of cellulosederived from the fibers surrounding the seeds of cotton plants that is insoluble organic compound crucial to plant structure, and is a soft and fluffy material. It is chemically organic, and does not contain any synthetic compounds.Cotton is spun into yarn that is then woven to create a soft, durable fabric. It has resistance against heat, comfortable to wear, durable, tear resistive, holds dye well and can be fire proof if treated with Proban.
WOOL
Wool is a natural fabric obtained from different animals. It is soft, curly hair, composed of amino acidsthat forms the fleece of sheep and certain other animals.Wool is known for its durability and thermally insulating propertiesthat keep the animal warm throughout the winter.After cotton and synthetic fibers, wool is one of the most common fabric in the world. It has excellent absorbency, high moisture regains, biodegradable, eco-friendly, UV resistant, tends to be warmer and have good elasticity and resiliency, keeps body warm, supple, soft, insulator and naturally fire proof.
POLYESTER
Polyester is a polymer primarily composed of compounds within the ester functional group. Most synthetic and some plant-based polyester fibers are made from ethylene, which is a constituent of petroleum. Itresists abrasion,Easy to wash and wear, does not absorb water Dries quickly, does not absorb water but absorb oil and grease. When blended with cotton, polyester improves the shrinkage, durability, and wrinkling profile of this widely-produced natural fiber.
POLY-COTTON FABRIC
A poly-cotton blend is a fabric that is made up of cotton and polyester fibers. The ratio varies, with 65% cotton and 35% polyester being the most common though, other ratios are also available. The blend is designed to afford the advantages of both the cotton and polyester fibers into one fabric. A fabric made from a poly cotton blend combines the strengths of the two fibers. Poly cotton garments are breathable, tear-resistant, and can be fashioned into abrasion-resistant fabrics, like canvas. Cotton and polyester blends are widely used in the consumer clothing industry and are found in abundance.
CANVAS
Canvas is a plain-woven fabric typically made out of cotton and, to a lesserextent linen and Poly vinyl chloride (PVC). Canvas fabric is known for being durable, sturdy, and heavy duty by blending cotton with synthetic fibers. Canvas can become water resistant or even waterproof, making it a great outdoor fabric.The fibers used in canvas are thick, usually medium to heavy weight threads. The thread weight and the plain-weave technique separates canvas from other cotton fabrics.
Most cotton canvas is made with two-ply yarns, or two single yarns twisted together, which adds weight, texture, and creates an even thickness throughout the fabric.
DENIM
Denim is a strong, durable fabric made in a twill weave with indigo and white yarns. The blue or indigo yarns are the lengthwise or “warp” threads and the white yarns run across the fabric width. Denim is traditionally woven with 100%-cotton yarnhowever, today it’s blended with polyester, to control shrinkage and wrinkles, and Lycra to add stretch. Today, denim has many faces. It can be printed, striped, brushed, napped and stonewashed.
4-WAY FABRIC
Stretch fabric is a cloth which has the ability to stretch. It is made partially of elastic fibers such as lycra, elastane, spandex (different names of the same synthetic fiber). There are also knit fabrics which stretch due to the looping production method. 4-way stretch fabrics, such as spandex, stretches in both directions, crosswise and lengthwise. It is delicate, soft, elastic and is widely used in all kind of dresses, summer and personal garments, it is twill weave, fell heavy, wear resistance, excellent flexibility. The main advantage of this fabric is the ductility which makes it widely used for the designs of outdoor sportswear.
INTERLOCK
Interlock means amechanism for connecting or coordinating the function of different components of a fabric knitted with closely interlocking stitches. Interlock fabric is a variation of rib knit construction except both front and back of the fabric look identical. Double knit construction makes this a thicker knit fabric. Interlock is the tightest weave, gives the smoothest surface and the finest hand. The fabric is extremely soft, firm and absorbent.The appearance is the same on the front and back, thick, doesn’t curl, flexible and easy to work with.
TRINDA TRICOT
Tricot comes from the French verb tricoter, meaning to knit. Tricot fabric has a unique zigzag weave that is textured on one side and smooth on the other. This allows the fabric to be soft and also very sturdy to wear. Tricot fabrics are produced on a flatbed knitting machine, as opposed to a circular knitting machine. They have an excellent wrinkle and run resistance, as well as good drape-ability. A tricot knit is ideal for activewear, especially when it is composed of Nylon Spandex or Polyester Spandex blends. These blends allow the fabric to breathe and not cling to the body while also providing support as well as the comfort.
FLEECE
Fleece is a synthetic insulating fabric made from a type of polyester called polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or other synthetic fibers. The fibers of polyester are woven into a light fabric which is brushed to help the fibers increase in volume. Occasionally other natural fibers are incorporated into the fleece such as wool, hemp or rayon to create a certain texture or vibrancy of the fabric It is very comfortable due to its light weight and anti-perspiration qualities, and allows moisture to evaporate, while blocking humidity from the outside. It is breathable, fast-drying and does not insolate when wet which makes it perfect for sportswear and winter clothes. Fleece is also a vegan alternative to wool.
TOWEL
The towel is a woven fabric with a pile of pile or tuft pile on the surface of the textile fiber. Generally, the cotton yarn is used as a raw material, and a small amount of blended yarn or chemical fiber yarn is mixed. It is woven from a towel weaving machine. According to the use, there are face towels, pillow covers, towel quilts, sofa towels, etc. In addition, there is a terry cloth for sewing clothes. The surface is densely packed, soft to the touch, strong in water absorption and storage, and good in wear resistance and warmth. It can be used for brushing directly in contact with any object.
RIB
A rib is a double-knit fabric in which the rib wales or vertical rows of stitches intermesh alternatively on the face and the back of the fabric. Both sides of this knit fabric look identical. Rib is easy to wear, comfortable, flexible, thin, smooth and highly durable. Rib weave fabrics can be colored woven to create striped or plaid fabrics. This is done by using different yarns of different colors. Finishes can also be applied to Rib weave fabrics. These include water resistance and a fire-retardant coating. It is widely used in Garments, Ribbons, Shirting, Sportswear, Boys suits, Uniforms, Dresses and gloves.
FAUX FUR FABRIC
Faux fur materials are pile textiles that simulate real animal fur. It is engineered to have the appearance and warmth of animal fur.They come in a wide range of colors and textures. A fur is usually a woven or knitted fabric from rayon, wool, or cotton and made with a pile that is dyed and finished to resemble an animal's fur. Quality faux fur fabrics look like their real matches and in some cases it's really hard to tell the difference. It is widely used in Jackets, coats, vests, stoles and shawls, collars, shoes and purses.
4. ARAMIDS
KEVLAR
Kevlar is a Light weight, comfortable, flexible, cut resistive, heat and chemical resistive with high decomposition over 400 degree. It is stitched with textile materials to enhance material properties. Kevlar has unique properties, such as high tensile strength, high toughness, and chemical stability at high temperatures in aromatic polyamides. It also provides protection against both heat and cold.Kevlar is widely-used as a friction material in the automotive industry and a combustion protection material in the aerospace industry.
NOMEX
Nomex is an inherently flame-resistant, high-temperature fiber that will not melt, drip or support combustion in air. It also delivers outstanding resistance to a broad range of chemicals. You can find it as a paper, felt, fabric and in fiber forms.Nomex is best known as a barrier to fire and heat. Today, almost all firefighters around the world are protected by Nomex for its unique combination of flame protection, durability and mobility.
5. ALUMINIZE
A thermal process through which a thin layer of aluminum is coated on other material to enhance its thermal properties. These provide reflective and insulating protection. It is good for flexible use because of soft aluminum coating. Suitable for radiation heatupto 1000 degree Celsius.